Significance Makara Sankranti

The Sun from one constellation of the zodiac to the next, implying 12 Sankrantis in a year. 

Out of these, the Makar Sankranti ie when it moves into makar or Capricorn zodiac is considered the most auspicious. Capricorn signifies Strategy and structuring.

 This festival syncs with the solar cycle. 

Though, the sun's movement towards summer solstice begins on 20 Dec, traditionally, this movement begins on sankranti...the transformation.

This day announces the beginning of the harvest season. This day also announces the change in season as the sun now would begin its movement from Dakshinayan (south) to Uttarayan (north), implying the end of winter.

This day marks the cosmic change to a brighter tomorrow. As the last quarter of the year, crop harvesting takes a toll because of the harsh weather conditions. So, the sun's journey towards the north, inviting more light, calls for a celebration, spiritually signifying that the human soul is moving from ignorance to knowledge. This day is appropriate for meditation or reinforcing sadhna, as the cosmos is alive, or chaitanya, with cosmic intelligence, which supports the quest of a seeker.

Almost all parts of the Indian subcontinent celebrates this festival.

Wishing you all a very Happy Sankranti.

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Additional input

There are 4 to 5 types of calenders or way or year estimation. 

Solar

Lunar

Sidereal

Tropical 

Etc

Tropical is fixed and followed by Europeans and West, and called as English Calender. This follows fixed system of dates. That's why the winter solstice is fixed for 21 Dec every year. But it's flawed. That's why the zodiacal system and Sun sign based Western Astrology has failed and is reduced to entertainment value.

Why?

Indians follow Nakshatra based year called Sidereal year or Soli Lunar calender. It has integration of Suns movement with Moons movement. 

The Indian sages or Maharishis also known as greatest Researchers understood the variation of earths orbital distance every year. As on date There is a difference of 23 deg plus, between tropical and sidereal year. 

Since sun moves approx 1 deg everyday so this corresponds.to a difference of 23 days plus. 

Now add this Ayanamsa to fixed Tropical calender. Say 21 Dec plus 23 days leads to 14 Jan. So that's why the correct winter solstice is on 14 Jan every year and not 21 or 22 Dec. 

Similarly when you actually want to.know your real sun sign then add 23 deg plus to position of sun as on the birth date, your actual sun sign will be that. And your characteristic will match more to that sun sign.

Sankranti is an important event as it marks movement of Sun from one Rasi to another and loads of climatic, rain, agricultural and trading information is interpreted and is made available due to above. 

 Makar Sankranti marks the beginning of the Day half of the year for Northern hemisphere where most population live or conditions for sustenance of life are most conducive. More sunlight means more energy, More productivity, more time for work or dharma.